远见与创新

2008-09-16

张君劢:《儒家哲学之复兴》

既然中国的法治只是王政的一个工具。那么儒家又是王政的什么呢?

既然统治者用儒表法里来挂羊头卖狗肉,掩盖自己是人民的对立面这一本质。这是否说明,“儒”,至少是略微倾向于人民的?

张君劢先生无疑这么认为。他倾其一生,试图以儒家哲学的框架实现中国与现代西方的民主自由的政治制度接轨,从而实现民族的复兴。良苦用心,令人唏嘘。

无疑,他是潘公凯先生描述的“挺身而出的勇敢的灵魂”列表中的一个,也是这个悲剧人物列表上的一个。

儒家和民主如何建立联系,让我们来看张先生书中的《新儒家政治哲学》

1、上溯希腊,孔孟之学与柏拉图、亚里士多德出于同根。即:政治应以道德为根据。人有德性,应以教育扩充这种德性。

2、上溯罗马,荀子提出的用“礼”来规范人们之间权利的分界,这与西方以法,规范人们之间的平等,很相似。

3、关于“仁”,西方的耶教提出“爱”,也是有“仁”

4、西方关于天赋人权的观念,与孟子提倡的人的理性相通。

5、政府不保护人民的生命、自由和幸福,就要下台。这与孟子的主张是一致的。当年齐王问孟子:象武王伐纣这样,臣子把君王杀掉,你觉得有理吗?的时候,孟子说:当然有理,这种烂人,还配做君,早该干掉了。

应该说,上面的这些根据,给人启发。但以只言片语,就得到如此宏大的结论,还是显得人为因素太强,说服力不够。读到这里,只能感叹张先生的良苦用心。

再来看《中华民族精神-气节》一文。

张先生分析气节由理性、信心、殉道精神组成。然后他希望通过讲气节来治里当前的乱局:即政治之乱、人心之乱。

这位曾经起草过《中华民国宪法》的学人,那种为国为民炽热的心情,是值得记上一笔的。

但儒家不是引导我们走出宿命的钥匙。真的不是。

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